Lagos, Nigeria — Dr. Danladi Nmadu, a Consultant Physician Nephrologist at the Federal Medical Centre in Ebute Metta, Lagos, has highlighted the critical need for reducing not only salt but also seasonings in foods to effectively manage high blood pressure. This comes as millions of Nigerians are declared hypertensive, with the silent killer disease affecting 26% of the population, close to the global average of 30%.
In an interview with Good Health Weekly, Dr. Nmadu stressed that while cutting table salt is important, it is equally essential to reduce the consumption of seasonings that contain high levels of salt. He expressed concern that many patients with elevated blood pressure are unaware of their condition, which remains a significant health issue despite widespread awareness efforts.
"Salt is a major factor in controlling hypertension," said Dr. Nmadu. "Exercise, a diet rich in vegetables, and other lifestyle changes are also beneficial, but restricting salt intake is crucial."
Identifying Hypertension
Dr. Nmadu explained that hypertension is diagnosed when blood pressure exceeds 140/90 mmHg. Elevated blood pressure increases the risk of cardiovascular events that can damage the heart, brain, and kidneys. Despite being widely discussed, hypertension still accounts for many hospital admissions, with many individuals unaware of their blood pressure levels.
Genetics play a significant role in hypertension, particularly among black populations. Kidney and thyroid diseases are common causes, especially in younger people. "While some organ issues can cause hypertension, most cases are due to genetic predisposition," he said.
Proper Blood Pressure Measurement
Accurate blood pressure measurement is essential, according to Dr. Nmadu. He advised against common mistakes, such as measuring blood pressure immediately after physical activity or without proper posture. "You should sit with your back against the chair and feet at a 90-degree angle, rest for five minutes, avoid smoking or engaging in activities that might affect the reading, and refrain from talking during the measurement," he explained.
One elevated reading does not diagnose hypertension. "Multiple readings over several visits are necessary to confirm hypertension," he added.
Medication and Health Insurance
Dr. Nmadu emphasized the importance of medication in controlling blood pressure, noting that these drugs have undergone extensive testing over many years, unlike most herbal medicines, which lack scientific validation. He urged hypertensive patients to obtain health insurance for consistent access to medication, highlighting the silent nature of hypertension, which often leads to late presentation at hospitals and severe complications such as kidney or heart failure, or stroke.
"Regular screening is essential, especially as you age," Dr. Nmadu concluded. "Knowing your numbers can help manage your health better."
